What is operating system processes ?

• A process in operating system made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions simultaneously.

• Means a process is a program in execution, the execution of a process must progress in sequential order or it works based on some priority.

• Processes are used to group resources together.

• The processes share CPU and only one process running at a time.

• The processes are independent of one another.

• If one process is blocked then, another process does not affected.

• Processes run in separate memory spaces.

The process in memory is divided into 4 parts:-

Text section:-

It is made up of the compiled program code also represent the current activity.

Data section:-

It is used to declare global and static variables before the execution of main.

Heap section:-

It is used for dynamic memory allocation to process at run time.

Stack section:-

Is used for local variables.Memory for local variable is reserved in the stack when they are declared.It is a temporary storage for data.

State of process in Operating System

New:-

This is the first state where a process is created.

Ready:-

When processes are waiting for the resource allocation by the operating system so that they can run.

Running:-

When the process assigned to a processor by the OS scheduler, and the processor executes its instructions.

Waiting:-

Here the process is wait for the resource.

Terminated:-

Once the process complete its execution, then it is terminated by the operating system and removed from main memory.